Napoleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Napoleon - Essay Example For example, in military affairs, he managed military inventions, which were necessary for the French revolution. This included the use of mass conscription enabling the use of block tactics to enhance attacks in columns. This also helped in the elimination of supply lines enabling the French armies to be mobile (Lyons, 25). History depicts that, before the reign of napoleon, France had undergone revolutionary turmoil for over a decade. Causing instability in the government and increasing incidents of corruption. It is evident that during this period church policies were rare because they triggered inflation. The citizens of France were tired of the situation, and they desired for a stable government that would ensure the stability of their lives. These changes were brought about by napoleons reign because it is his military innovations that helped the French in to secure their government. The success of the military forces established by napoleon helped him to consolidate and hold o n to power. This led to his declaration as the French emperor in the year 1804 (Lyons, 33). Politically it is evident that Napoleon was an active administrator. History depicts that the internal reforms that were put in place by Napoleon helped France in consolidating some achievements during the French revolution, enhancing the suppression of others. ... The political impact during his reign in France is also depicted from his introduction of equality as one of the essential factors in politics. This is because he thought that by introducing the concept, he would have stayed in his position with little threat. This changed the political situation in France because all men were considered equal under his power. Some of his main accomplishments in ensuring equality in the political system are evident from the establishment of Napoleonic civil codes. This made all the men equal, however; the law despised the women because the men maintained their legal powers over the women. This had an impact on the political structure of France because the hopes that the women had towards the revolution as an improvement of their legal positions were frustrated by Napoleon (Lyons, 55). Napoleon is also seen to have made a contribution to the political structure of the French government through his introduction of nationalism. History depicts that he i s one of the French leaders, who believed in nationalism as a tool that would help him obtain the loyalty of the French people during his reign. It is evident that it is this spirit of nationalism that enhanced the inspiration of the armies of the French government enabling the government to attain a remarkable series of victories. These were of enormous benefit to him as he obtained a chance to rise to power. However, this interfered with the political structure of France as it was thought to be a trick that was used, by the leader, to establish a personality cult making the French people identify him with France. This meant that by the citizens being loyal to their country France they were also being loyal to him. It is evident that

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay Hemingways story Hills Like White Elephants appears on the surface as a brief and unremarkable vignette written almost all in dialogue, with minimal action and an unclear final resolution, the story is actually a watershed of narrative invention and a radical shift from Hemingways usual perspective, as it is most often defined by readers and critics. As Alan Cheuse remarks in his essay Reflections on Dialogue: How Dyuh Get tEighteent Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent Street? American writers, possess an acute ability to create skeins of seemingly natural language that make up a world out of human speech (Cheuse) and also represent a special gift for create entire worlds through dialogue, as is readily manifest in Hills Like White Elephants. Hemingways style of natural language is an elementary base of his technique in Hills Like White Elephants. Another narrative strategy is that he strips away the expository writing or the direct information to the reader which would help the reader to place the action of the story in context. Rather than weigh down the narrative, Hemingway leaves his story lean and bare, primarily relying on conflict-charged dialogue between the storys two main characters. By refusing to included background information or even internal monologue on behalf of the two characters, Hemingway leaves virtually everything, even what is at issue between the girl and the American, for the reader to figure out, and this strategy includes the storys final resolution: whether or not the girl in story opts to have the couples child or whether she chooses as is the mans desire, to have an abortion. The lack of final resolution is notable enough that even critics are left to their own devices to decide what happens to finish the story and conclude the conflict between the two characters. As one scholar commented, the ending has seemed stubbornly indeterminate (Renner); however, the same critic, Renner, has forwarded a compelling theory as to how the resolution of Hills Like White Elephants can be deduced from a careful study of its narrative form, imagery, and symbolism, The conflict in the title: the burden of something unwanted a white elephant merged with the symbol of hills suggesting rich fertility extends throughout the story, forms its basic theme, and functions as an axis on which the changing attitudes and evolving conflict between the characters spins. In order to integrate the various levels of narrative along Renners theoretical lines in order to find the storys true resolution, the piece must be examined from a formal perspective with due note given to its imagery and symbolism a well as the nuances contained in the storys plentiful dialogue, (Renner) which leaves the reader able to deduce that the man in the story has indeed been sensitive to the womans situation. According to Renner, the story takes place in four distinct movements and these movements are the key components to understanding the resolution of the story. Renners distinction of the four movements follows an ascending structure of character development and character conflict: In the first movement we are shown the stereotypical passive female, not even knowing her own mind, accustomed to following a masterful male for her direction in life, the next movement illustrates the girls character development toward a dramatic realization of her own mind-her own welfare, dreams, and values; by the third movement, the girl begins to assert herself, and by the fourth and final movement, we see the result of her development toward self-realization which Renner insists reveals, also, the actual conclusion of the story, (Renner). To extrapolate a probable resolution for the conflict in Hills Like White Elephants it becomes necessary to examine the conflict which lies under the overt abortion-question of the story. If the story is, indeed, about the capitulation of the girl, then her refusal to capitulate is evident form the action of the story. When the girl says Would you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking, her victory is indicated. The abortion will not be performed and the realization of her independence form the man has been attained. In this way, Hemingways story reveals a feminine point of view and a feminine dominance which is usually not associated with his fiction (Renner). Works Cited Cheuse, Alan. Reflections on Dialogue: How Dyuh Get tEighteent Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent Street? . The Antioch Review Spring 2005: 222+. Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Renner, Stanley. Moving to the Girls Side of Hills like White Elephants. . The Hemingway Review 15. 1 (1995): 27+.

The role of prostitution in urbanization

The role of prostitution in urbanization When it comes down to is this: the grocer, the butcher, the baker, the merchant, the landlord, the druggist, the liquor dealer, the policeman, the doctor, the city father and the politician these are the people who make money out of prostitution, these are the real reapers of the wages of sin. This quote fairly explains that prostitution has been always an integral part of urbanization. More our society has advanced on the path of new technology and fresh cultural values more it has pushed itself to the increasing complexities of life. These complexities have lead to more complicated crimes and violence in the society and have given a new dimension to urbanization. The concept of urbanization and urbanism is quite controversial and has been an issue of debate between prominent Social scientists and Anthropologists. According to Beals, the term urbanization basically refers to the kind of assimilation in which people develop their urban ways of life, while Kinglsey Davis argued this term can be used as an characteristic of a social system (EamesGoode,1977). Further it could be concluded that urbanization has also lead to the study of Urban Anthropology. Anthropologists who were basically interested in study of natives and civilizations in the remote parts of the world shifted their attention to the new dynamics of city lives and the problems related to it (Basham,1978). This shift made the anthropologist to focus more on the unit of urban culture i.e. city. From 20th century onwards cities and its different social systems have been in prime focus of the Anthropologists (Wirth,1938).Definition of City as a whole became a topic of discussion and extensive debates. Wirth cited In the rich literature on the city we look in vain for a theory of urbanism presenting in a systematic fashion the available knowledge concerning the city as a social entity.(Wirth,1938:70). In his theory of urbanism, Wirth also talks about problems and dangers of a city life and how the amalgamation of different social relations and stratus have given rise to the em ergence of crime and violence. Prostitution is also claimed as illegal in different cities of the world though there is a much debate about whether prostitution can be really called as a crime or not (Sithannan,2006). Street prostitution and brothels are largely urban phenomena that are especially widespread in cities with large migrant male population.(Basham,1978:153). Many few countries of the world including India have adopted prostitution as legal. In India there is a huge flow of rural migrants to cities which has lead to lot of urban problems in cities(Singh,1997). Due to this huge rural migration most of the jobs are taken by men, while women are left with no choice but to adopt prostitution as their means of profession (Basham,1978). Cities of India have a huge number of female populations who are following prostitution as their profession. Hectic jobs and glamorous corporate life styles one of the basic features of urbanization has lead to a kind of sex starvation among the urban population(Sithannan,200 6). This has brought the role of prostitutes into limelight and has increased their demand in the society. Prostitution in different cities of India from Early to Modern Prostitution as a business is flourishing in different cities of India. Mumbai, Kolkata, Pune, Banaras, New Delhi and Nagpur are hubs of prostitution in India(Mandelbaum,1970). It is noticed that prostitution as a trend in more favorable in Indian cities rather than in villages (Sithannan,2006). The fact which is quite interesting about Indian prostitution is that from ancient times India has been following a system of prostitution in cities(Sanger,2006). These early cities possess unique characteristics of themselves and cannot be compared to the modern cities of the world (Smith,n.d). These early cities were particularly known as Nagars and were the core units of the important kingdoms from where all the governmental and economic affairs were controlled and regulated. There was a concept of Nagar vadhus or city brides in these early cities of India (Singh,1997). They were basically prostitutes serving the common mans sexual need and desires while kings had their own personal harem. This explains that prostitution as a phenomenon has also been a regular feature in the ancient cities of India. According to Arthashastra a famous ancient Indian manuscript a code of law was laid down on the prostitutes for their proper conduct in public(Sithannan,2006).This proves that prostitution in early cities was controlled and regulated by a proper system of law. Women in early cities of India had no rights on themselves and were basically considered the property of men (Sithannan,2006). Prostitutes acted as gifts of negotiations between kings and nobles in ancient days(Sanger,2006). Even during the British colonization in India, cities such as Kolkata and Mumbai were hubs of prostitution(Levine,2003). Many Indian women were captured and pushed into this profession for the entertainment of British officials and military men (Sanger,2006). The capital city of Goa, Panaji was under Portuguese domination during this time and had a small community of Japanese girls who were basically captured during war and were forced to prostitution by Portuguese officials (Aronowitz,2001). Many historical documents mentions about the dancing girls and the practice of Devdasi i.e. divine prostitution which is still followed in different parts of the countries.(Singh,1997) Prostitution has been a common trait in both the ancient and modern cities of India and is increasing in number with time (Aronowitz,2001).The main reason behind this is basically poverty, social dogmas and different mental and physical oppression on women(Sithannan,2006). The growth of urbanization in modern cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Banaras had also increased different kinds of prostitution( Ringdal,1997,2004). According to a survey there are 2.4 million women in Mumbai alone who has adopted prostitution as their profession. Nowadays particular streets and places in the cities are best known for availability of prostitutes there(Sithannan,2006). Places such as Shivdaspur in Banaras, Kalighat in Kolkata, G.B road in New Delhi and Kamathipura in Mumbai are quite famous as red-light areas of India. Prostitution as a profession has become more popular in this cities due to various reason. Women who are not well educated and suffer from acute poverty, this profession provides lot of money to sustain. More over most of the children of these prostitutes are forced to become a prostitute(Mandelbaum,1970). A survey conducted by Human right students in the year 2001 came up with an interesting data which shows that 30% of women in India ado pt prostitution before age of sixteen and are sold to brothels by their parents or guardians for huge ransom of money. Most number of sexworkers can be found in major cities rather than in rural areas(Basham,1978). Cities have more huge market for sex industry. Prostitution in religious cities of India In India there are many cities which are categorized as being religious cities of India. Such cities are basically judged by their functional roles and provide as pilgrimage destinations for Indians(Sengupta,2004). The examples of such cities are Haridwar, Banaras, Tirupathi and Madurai. A different form of prostitution exists in these cities of India. Though these cities are quite conservative in nature but they still have prostitutes working undercover in the society. A very unique kind of prostitution that prevails in Banaras is the widow whose husband had died early and is pushed to state of acute poverty and starvation had no choice left but to adopt prostitution as the only way of surviving(Eck,1982). These activities were carried out in very secretive way. Another kind of prostitutes that existed were called devdasis or jogans who work in temples and generally known as servant of gods(Singh,1997). In an ancient Indian writing Mricchakatika we find a love story between a prostitute and a Brahmin who used to worship in temples. These divine prostitutes are subjected to lot of sexual exploitation by the priests and wealthy individuals of the community(Singh,1997). Though prostitution also existed in the traditional and religious cities of India it was still considered as evil by the people(Sanger,2006). Social and religious constraints are one of the important factors behind the rise of prostitution in these cities of India(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). Hinduism have always considered women as the property of her father or husband or her brother and this is the main reason when these women lose their father or husband o brother they become vulnerable to the society and fall prey to the dark world of prostitution. Prostitution is also the result of religious stigma attached to the Indian women.(Barry,1995) Culture of poverty a reason behind prostitution in Indian cities. Poverty is one of the important key factors behind prostitution which is sometimes also defined as urban crisis (Eames Goode,1977). Anthropologists have done an extensive work on the study of poverty as a culture of urbanization. Oscar Lewis was the first one who focused on the concept of poverty in cities and did a huge work on the culture of poverty(Eames Goode,1977).It is interesting to note that one of the basic trends of study of urban anthropology is to focus on the problems related to urban social life and find means to overcome it. This was argued by Gulick who believed that poverty is not only a important factor in cities but also play a major role in rural areas of the country(Eames Goode,1977).Lewis suggested that poverty is a kind of culture rather than a phenomenon, where people who become poor follow certain way of life and trends which they pass on from one generation to another generation(Lewis,1966). This statement of Lewis was vehemently argued by Judith Goode who believed that there is no such culture of poverty and justifying poverty in a cultural basis is completely unacceptable (Goode,n.d). According to modern anthropologists the study on poverty have not been very full proof because most of the scholars have concentrated themselves in studying the downtrodden segment of the society only, without concentrating much on the sources of the culture of poverty(Basham,1978). This has provided opportunity for the new urban anthropologists to focus more on the sources and reasons behind poverty and also work on other aspects of the society which are caused due to poverty such as crime and prostitution. Poverty has been a very big problem for Indian society and has given birth to lot of health problems and crimes in different cities of India(Basham,1978). Ethnographers has noticed through Participant observations in their research in India that slums in cities are hubs of most of the problems giving rise to gang culture and crimes. These slums ha ve very low income rates, low hygiene and lower rate of education(Eames Goode,1977). It can be very well concluded that illiteracy and poverty together is giving rise to prostitution in different parts of the country. The differences of social status between people in cities are huge and it is this competition for survival that forces women and children to follow the path of prostitution(Barry,1979). This has also lead to a rise in huge number of sex transmitted diseases such as HIV(aids) among people. Many Non Governmental Organizations are working for the betterment of the health of sex workers in the cities and educating them more about the consequences of uncontrolled sex and measures to prevent it(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). Types of prostitution in Indian cities There are different kinds of prostitution that are prevalent in Indian cities. Some examples of this is the custom of Tawaif who are basically singers and dancers but are compelled to sexual activities for entertainment of their customers. There are also Call girls and Bar dancers and singers who fulfills sexual needs of their clients. Brothels in India are generally restricted to certain parts of the cities(Sithannan,2006). Interestingly enough brothels are considered illegal in India while there are not enough measures taken by the government officials to eradicate them(Mandelbaum,1970). This is due to abundance of political corruption which is basic traits of modern cities in India. City is considered as the birth place of political corruption (Basham,1978). Another traditional form of prostitution that had existed in Indian cities from old times is the system of Devdasi(Singh,1997). Many scholars have talked about a period in India where devdasi cult existed for a long time and was quite prominent with the people of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. According to this system girls from some selected and chosen families were donated to the temples of the Hindu gods where they used to serve as maids to the priests and powerful men of the community(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). They also provided them with sexual pleasure in the time of need. In return their families received social prestige and lots of money from these priests and powerful dignitaries. In modern India this system of devdasi has been abolished by the government though it still exists in the prominent cities of Karnataka(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). Poor families still donate their girls to temple in return of good ransom of money. These girls who are proclaimed as devdasis or servants of god are not allowed to get married throughout their lives. This form of Prostitution is actually known as Divine prostitution by many cultures around the world(Singh,1997). Human trafficking and Flesh trade is a major issue that India is facing today(Sithannan,2006). Due to huge form of Human trafficking in important cities of India there has been a growth of new kind of prostitution in India. India is surrounded by some of the countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan who are economically quite backward. Due to which there is a heavy flow of illegal migrants from these countries to the major cities of India. Huge number of women and children are allured and exported from these countries to India in exchange of lot of money. Later they are forced in prostitution by the dealers who have exported them from other countries. This whole system is operated by organized criminal group who benefit a lot out of this exchange and has turned this into an international business. International trafficking is a major issue throughout the world and India is trying its best to curb the problem by improving border securities and keeping check on the immig ration system.(Barry,1995) Another kind of trafficking that is also quite prominent in Indian cities is internal trafficking. In this form of trafficking women and children from the rural areas and poor parts of the country are allured with attractive job offers or kidnapped by men dealing in this kind of trafficking business and send to the cities for becoming prostitutes(Ringdal,1997,2004). In many cases it is also seen that the relatives or family of the girl sell her to these dealers in exchange of good amount of money. Most of the prostitutes in Indian cities who have been interviewed have confessed that they were forced and compelled to prostitution by their families and relatives due to extreme economic deprivation. City is always considered as the point of attraction for the rural people(Basham,1978). Urban ways and rich life styles have always fascinated the dreams of poor peasant girls in the poor villages of India which has been glorified with the colorful Bollywood movies. Many young girls in villages see the dreams to become actresses and come to cities in search of fame and get trapped in the nasty world of prostitution. In recent times a glamorous form of prostitution is taking the centre stage of attraction in rich cities of India like Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Delhi(Sithannan,2006). This kind of prostitution is chosen by girls of middle class families who take up this profession as an easy means to earn a lot of money. Generally these girls t are quite educated in nature and act as escorts to big corporate professionals. One of the basic reasons behind the rise of this kind of prostitution is the corporate life style of men in these cities where they are separated from their spouse and partners for a long span of time which results in the growth of sex starvation among these men(Barry,1995). This thirst for physical needs become more prominent with huge pressure in work and lonely lifestyle which is ultimately quenched by these high profile prostitutes. Of late India is facing huge problem of child prostitution in the cities where it is estimated that more than four lakh children in major cities of india are following prostitution as their profession(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). Kolkata, Mumbai and Pune are hubs of child prostitution in India. This kind of prostitution has become very popular among men in cities who are scared of sexual transmitted diseases and prefer virgins instead of older ones and also because they are cheaper. One of the basic push factors that make these children follow this profession is poverty. Many families in India sell their girl child to temples and brokers in exchange of good sum of money(Tripathy Pradhan 2003). It is also noticed that 99% of girl children of prostitutes follows the profession of their mother. It is sad that how these children of prostitutes take prostitution as their hereditary profession. Mumbai city which has the most number of child prostitutes brought from Nepal. Child prostitution i s a menace to Indian culture and society and is the worst form of child abuse and sexual exploitation(Barry,1995) Male prostitution is also getting prominence in recent times in particular cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai (Mandelbaum,1970). Though homosexuality is not a crime in India anymore but male prostitution is not so much accepted among common people in India. It is may be due to that stigma which is attached to the concept of masculinity and manhood. Due to which male prostitutes in India face more criticism and harassments from the masses rather than his female counterparts. This kind of prostitution is generally concentrated in big cities of India and is not very popular with the rural parts of the country(Mandelbaum,1970). Urbanization has given birth to different kind of prostitution in India and it has grown more with time and space. It is observed that prostitutes generally have lot of resentments towards society as a whole and also towards their clients(Basham,1978) Prostitution as an Urban culture in India The term prostitution basically refers to an act of sexual intercourse which a woman or a man does in exchange of money(Sanger,2006). A person who does these acts is called prostitute or sex worker. Prostitution is generally known as a very old form of profession followed by women in every culture and civilization. Traces of prostitution have been found in the oldest civilizations of the world such Indus valley and Harappa(Sanger,2006). The oldest cities of India such Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro have remains of statues of dancing girl that were basically claimed as prostitutes by archeologist and social scientist. This proves that prostitution as a way of life has been practiced by the people of India from ancient times. Archeologists have proved that ancient cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were typically urban in nature and followed a life style of cities. Referring prostitution as an urban culture is an issue of huge debate. Anthropologists have tried to explain the meaning of culture in different ways throughout the century. The word culture that has originated from the Latin word colere which basically means to cultivate.(Erisksen,1995,2001). As Eriksen(1995,2001:4) has cited: Culture refers to the acquired, cognitive and symbolic aspects of existence, whereas society refers to the social organization of human life, patterns of interaction and power relationships. The implication of this analytical distinction, which may seem bewildering, will eventually be evident. The concept of urban culture basically refers to the cultivated ways of urban life which literally means trends and customs which are passed on from one generation to another generation in cities and towns. Generally study of urban anthropology is basically referred as the study of city. There are many attempts to find a proper definition of city. Cities have been defined according to numerous criteria-among them relative size and population density, relation to surrounding territories, and occupational and role differentiation of their inhabitants -but no brief, single definition has been advanced that satisfies all scholars.(Basham,1978:49) Prostitution as an urban culture in India is accepted and challenged by many Indian scholars. All the data and documentaries have proven so far that prostitution has been a part of early cities and modern cities in India. Prostitution is one of the oldest forms of urban trends in cities that have been passed on from one generation to another (Levine,2003). It is very interesting to note that children of these prostitutes tend to become prostitutes too. It is a kind of urban culture that has been always present with the realms of city.(Sanger,2006). The view of prostitution as an urban culture is not extensively defined by anthropologists. It is very hard to say that prostitution is the consequence of urbanization or prostitution has always been a part of urbanization(Basham,1978). Almost 73% of the sexworkers in India stay in city.(Sithannan,2006) The view of prostitution as an urban culture have been argued by many anthropologists who believe that prostitution is not a urban phenomenon alone and can be found in all the rural areas of India(Singh,1997). Considering prostitution as culture is not justifiable because this is not accepted and acknowledged by all the people of the city as a whole(Barry,1995). The view that has been presented against the view of prostitution as an urban culture basically advocated prostitution as a menace to society rather than a culture which everybody likes to follow. The most fascinating fact about prostitution is that though it is rejected and discarded by every section of society it has always existed as an integral part of the society. It is noticed that prostitutes bear lot of resentment against the society and people as a whole. They believe that it is the society who compels them to follow the profession and it is the society as a whole that humiliates them the most(Tripathy Pradhan,2003) . Prostitution as a necessary evil in the cities: In the western society prostitution is considered as a necessary evil which view is very much accepted in Indian cities as well. Ironically enough no religion and culture of India support prostitution but they try to give different names to it to justify their attitude towards prostitution such as Noshto Meye or the spoiled girl(Sithannan,2006). There are lots of families in cities who take the help of the prostitutes to act as surrogate mother to their child. There had been lot of official documents proving that couples who are unable to have a child take the help of a prostitute to bear their child for them in exchange of some money. Prostitutes are not only instrument of sex sale in the cities but also used as an instrument of womb sale(Barry,1995). According to Indian tradition men are considered polygamous by nature while women are considered monogamous(Singh,1997). From the cultural context Indian men think that they are more sexually driven than Indian women. This at an extent is used for justifying their attitude for having sex with more number of women rather than their wives, girlfriends or lovers. It is true that prostitutes can be also proclaimed as a savior to all those girls who are virgin and honest. Virginity before marriage is an important concept in India and if prostitution would not have existed then these honest and virgin girls would have fallen prey to these sex starved men.(Sithannan,2006). There would have been huge amount of rapes in every part of the country and women would not have been as safe as they are now in Indian cities. By fulfilling the sexual desires of these sex starved men prostitutes are actually saving the city from lot of hideous crimes that could have been committed if prostitution would not have existed. Prostitution is that kind of institution which is also teaching people to be aware of their health and consequences of uncontrolled sexual desires could be quite harmful for ones health(Levine,2003). Moreover destitute girls and infants who are left over on streets of the city and have to face daily humiliations from the city dwellers as well as police recourse themselves to this profession of prostitution. It not only provides them with food but also provides those shelters and power to earn money(Tripathy Pradhan,2003). In such circumstances prostitution becomes a good means to have good life and earn a good amount of money. Conclusion In this essay I have tried to talk about prostitution and prostitutes in the context of cities in India. There are different kinds of prostitution in India which has been part of Indian culture from time immemorial now. Indian tradition has always supported prostitution indirectly through different forms of prostitution such as divine prostitutions like devadasi and jogans. Prostitution in different ways has entered the core of city life in India and is increasing with time. I had also focused elaborately about the prostitution that exists in different religious cities of India. I really believe that prostitution in cities is not bad or harmful if it is controlled and checked properly by the government and proper measures are adopted against any economic exploitation of these prostitutes. It is noticed that most of these prostitutes staying in city brothels are economically indebt to the owner of the brothel for food clothing and shelter they get from the brothel owners which they sometimes are not able to pay back throughout their lives. Major reason behind this is prostitutes who work in brothels in these big cities are basically underpaid and are in constant economic crisis. It is also true that the most of the prostitutes in these brothels are suffering from sex transmitted diseases. According to some official records it has also been proven that sexual harassments by police and some inconsiderate government officials on girls who live on streets of these cities have also given rise to prostitution in India. It is a shame that how policemen who are employed by the government for the security of men and women of the city becomes the sexual exploiters themselves. As a woman the fact that haunts me is that human trafficking is becoming major issue throughout the world and Indian cities are targeted for these kinds of illegal migrations and dealings on the flesh trade. Major Indian cities are also witnessing huge amount of corruption which has reached in the inner roots of the society and is helping in the development of new form of crimes in the society and is also adding fuel to the organized crime in cities. Rural migration in cities is increasing more number of prostitution in India. Poor villagers see city as the place where all their dreams of luxury and happy life will come true and this lead them to city in search of jobs and fame. Mumbai film industry is very reputed throughout the world and is known as the famous Bollywood, it is also due to this reason that Mumbai is known as the city of dreams by many people. Many girls from villages come to this city everyday in search of fame in Bollywood and get trapped in the dark rooms of brothels. In ancient times women were treated as commodity in India. She was the treasured property of her father before marriage and belonged to her husband after marriage. This cultural concept still exists in many parts of India and plays a big role in determining womens position in the modern society. It is this cultural and social doctrine that sometimes becomes the main reason behind prostitution. The most interesting fact about prostitution is that though people like to call it as an evil it has still being accepted by every parts of the society and by every culture of the world. The facts that prostitution is really a necessary evil for urban life is accepted my many scholars around the world and I too believe that prostitution really play a very important social role in our community. In this essay I have tried to draw attention to the fact that many urban anthropologists have also tried to look, which is basically considering prostitution as part of urban culture. The amalgamation of urban culture and prostitution is quite interesting and can provide a good framework for detailed urban research in future. Though there are challenges which should not be neglected but considering prostitution as a culture in urban context can open a new dimension of study in urban anthropology. Lastly I have tried to define and analyze prostitution in the context of Indian cities alone and have generally focused on prostitution in India. Prostitution in other cities of the world still remains much of a mystery and gives place where urban ethnographers can try to have their future research. In this essay I had tried to introduce my academic audiences with the different prostitutions in Indian cities and their links to Indian culture and history with little bit glimpses of social problems that exist in the cities of India such as poverty and corruption.I have also tried to explain the inherent concept on prostitution by society as whole an and had also tried to justify reason behind such notions. Altogether I have dealt prostitution as an urban phenomenon and how it had affected the city and its attributes in India throughout the century. The future of Prostitution in India The future of prostitution in Indian cities according to me can be quite good if they are kept under good check by the government and if some moral duties and rights are imposed on the prostitutes making them aware of the social and moral values so that they dont act as an instrument responsible for broken marriages and families. Moreover I believe that Indian government should start working more effectively in curbing political corruption and poverty around the country which have given birth too many other social problems in the society.

Great :: Essays Papers

Great 1. I believe that to â€Å"seize the day† means to suck all the marrow out of life. You must grab every opportunity life gives you and make the best of it. Don’t just stop and smell the roses, you have to taste the roses, feel the roses, and be the roses! That is the difference between seizing the day and seizing the opportunity. The opportunity will sometimes seize you, but you must seize the day. It will never seize you. This is what â€Å"seize the day† meant to Thoreau. 2. To â€Å"live deliberately† is to â€Å"simplify.† What you must do is look for the bare necessities, those simple bare necessities. You’ve got to forget about your worries and your strife. If you look for the bare necessities, Old Mother Nature’s recipes, then the bare necessities of life will come to you. 3. Robert Frost wrote â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood and I-I took the one less traveled by-and that has made all the difference.† Sitting here writing this I can think of only one thing: the HOV lane on I-85 Southbound. As I watch the fools in the much traveled lanes I fight to contain my glee. My lane, the one less traveled, is much less crowded. I can go ten miles in my lane in the time it takes others to go one. I have been able to sleep much later since the opening of the lane, and that has made all the difference. I have more energy, the rings around my eyes are gone, I even have time to eat a nice breakfast, I’m less irritable, and I get more homework done. That my friends has made all the difference. 4. â€Å"Find your own walk.† Well, yes I suppose I could, but wouldn’t it be easier if I just borrowed one of yours. I mean, what does it really mean to find your own walk? Granted you must find your own walk to be your own individual, but it’s just so hard. Sure I’d be happier and fulfilled, but happiness is highly overrated. No, I think I’ll march to that big drum in the sky. I’ll march along as it whispers into my ear left, right, left, right†¦Yes, I think that’s what I’ll do. 5. â€Å"Make your lives extraordinary.† We must take our lives, our mundane little lives, and live them.

Barriers Of Critical Thinking Essay

Three barriers that influence your thinking are fear, laziness, and stubbornness Fear: Overcoming fear is one of my biggest challenges there are several ways I have learned to try and overcome that fear is stop doubting myself when it come to taking on a new task. Always keep a positive attitude even when I think negative. Because of my fear unfortunately I have missed out on several opportunities that could have been very positive. What I have also learned about overcoming fear is never be afraid of opportunity. Learning how to face your fears head on is a great way to overcome fear as well. Once you overcome fear it can be life changing. Laziness: Overcoming laziness in critical thinking is to understand that research is very important and not always wanting to the easy way out of things. Taking the time to sit back and analyze and consider different point of views and also opinions. Always be willing to put in hard work when it comes to critical thinking. Critical thinking plays a critical part in our everyday lives and being able to make quick decisions is very important. Sometimes information is not easy to access and in some cases this where research and critical thinking play a major role in quick decision making. Stubbornness: Overcoming stubbornness in critical thinking is being able to accept another person opinion also being open to changes. Not always thinking about what’s in it for me stop always saying I can’t or I want just because a change may come. Being able to think of change in a positive way in everyday living there is always change some we may like some we may not however as a human being you have to be able to accept and live with change. Employers have constant change and as an employee we have to be able to adapt and keep an open mind in every aspect.

NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Limited Essay Example

NTUC FairPrice Co NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Limited Essay NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Limited Essay NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Limited is one of Singapore’s largest chains of supermarkets, department stores and convenience stores. It was founded in 1973 by the Singaporean labor union with the objective of influencing Singapore’s high cost of living through the implementation of regulated pricing on many everyday consumer goods. Currently, FairPrice’s vast 130-outlet supermarket chain includes concepts like FairPrice Finest, Fairprice Xtra and Fairprice Supermarkets. Meanwhile, Fairprice also maintains two convenience store lines namely: FairPrice Express and Cheers- with both having a combined network of more than 150 branches. In response to the growing demand for online shopping, the company has also launched FreshPrice Online- a web platform that enables shoppers to buy their groceries online and have them delivered straight to their homes. FairPrice’s multiple and diverse selling channels enable them to serve more than half a million customers on a daily basis (FairPrice, 2017). According to Bloomberg (2017), FairPrice’s outlets offer mainly products like food items, beverages, frozen goods, fresh produce, alcohol, toiletries, health and beauty items and other similar merchandise. Aside from its regular retail and grocery operation, the company also maintains warehousing, trading and distribution businesses. PESTEL Analysis Political Factors Political factors pertain to the degree of influence and capacity of governments to intervene in the operations of businesses through public policy, tax laws, import and export restrictions and other trade regulations (Aguilar, 1967). Singapore, being a largely commercial and highly urbanized country, is mostly unable to grow its own agricultural products that are needed in the production of food and beverage goods. This being the case, the country is largely dependent on international trade with countries like the United States, Australia, a large part of Europe and the Middle East. The country maintains a relatively open economy- being able to conduct business with the aforementioned countries with minimal sanctions and restrictions. In fact, the Singaporean government does not impose any import taxes on most food and beverage products with the exception of tobacco and alcoholic goods. The government’s openness on international trade may implicate a great advantage for FairPrice whose merchandise are primarily imported food and beverage goods (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2015). Economic Factors Economic factors pertain to key trends concerning consumer’s disposable income, general unemployment levels, interest rates, inflation rates and other economic indicators that can affect a populace’s willingness and ability to buy and to consume goods (Aguilar, 1967). According to Tang (2017), despite the general slowdown of the Singaporean economy in the recent years, the country achieved higher than expected economic growth in the final quarters of 2016. In fact, Singapore’s economy expanded by 1. 8 percent from 2015 to 2016. The country’s gross domestic product also grew by at least 9. % during the final quarter of the year. While this proves to be a positive sign for the economy, he still warns that 2017 may be marred with dismal business growth and a lack of consumer confidence as the Singaporean economy may get affected by the continued weakening of the Euro, the slowdown of the Chinese economy and the protectorate stance of the Trump administration. These events along with the fact that Singapore continues to be one of Asia’s most expensive cities to live in can cause great concern for customers and may seriously affect their ability to spend on consumer goods. Social Factors Social factors primarily pertain to the general behavior and mindset of a group of consumers. Particularly, it can pertain to their current set of preferences as dictated by their demographic profile, psychographic dispositions and the presence of new trends in the market (Aguilar, 1967). Singapore’s populace is generally characterized by a highly productive and fast-paced workforce. In fact, Singaporeans are known to clock in an average of 46 working hours per week- one of the highest in the world (Ministry of Manpower, 2015). This may have led many customers to develop of culture of convenience- opting for activities and services that can help them save time and be more productive. Firstly, this could mean a sustained increase for demand of instant and easily prepared food items. Secondly, it could also mean that more and more users are open to trying and subscribing to their online platform. Technological Factors Technological factors pertain to the advancements that can significantly improve a business’ internal and external operations. They may pertain to new discoveries that can help create new products or services or to new innovations that can streamline systems and costs (Aguilar, 1967). Being a highly urbanized society, the Singaporean market has become highly dependent on technology. This includes grocery shopping. In a study conducted by Shandwick (2014) about general grocery shopping behavior, more than 60% of the respondents claimed to prefer buying instant and readily prepared meals and goods. In the same year, more than 200,000 shoppers bought their groceries online to be able to save time and effort in shopping for their everyday needs (Jenner, 2016). This could imply a huge opportunity to grow FreshPrice Online. Environmental Factors Environmental factors pertain to the general attitude of customers and the stance of the government when it comes to preservation of the natural environment. The company may be affected by laws on waste management, energy consumption regulations, general environment protection sanctions and even the public’s perception on a company’s responsiveness to environmental issues. According to National Environment Agency (2017), Singapore’s daily solid waste output has reached 8,400 tons a day- marking an eight-fold increase from its waste output from the 1970s. This continuously increasing trend has forced the Singaporean government to implement a more systematic public waste collection scheme and a more stringent illegal dumping law. Being one of the largest producers of solid food waste in the country, FairPrice took a proactive stance and led the implementation of the Food Waste Index that essential measures and tracks the waste the company produces on a periodic basis. It is the first step towards the implementation of other key initiatives (Zero Waste Singapore, 2015). Legal Factors Legal factors pertain to the stringency of the government and other governing bodies in key aspects of business operations. These factors may cover employment regulations, workplace safety requirements, product testing procedures, anti-trust laws, competitive regulations and other similar factors. According to Shaffer (2013), Singapore’s fairly controversial position of limiting the influx of foreign laborers in the country had significant detrimental effects on many food and retail establishments. Since as much as 40% of Singapore’s population can be considered foreigners, the government’s stance has cut businesses’ access to affordable labor- hampering their ability to expand swiftly. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Threat of New Entrants (Low) The threat of new entrants in any industry implicates the possibility of losing market share to new players, hence having to split returns and profits amongst many competitors (Porter, 1985). In the case of FairPrice, the threat of new entrants can be considered low. Firstly, entering the supermarket and grocery industry requires substantially large capital to be devoted to the purchase of expensive real estate, building and infrastructure requirements as well as the different facilities and fixtures used in day to day operations. The business will also require huge investments in inventories, warehousing and wages for the labor force. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate) The bargaining power of buyers implies the customer’s influence and capability to put pressure on the company to make changes in their strategies (Porter, 1985). In the case of FairPrice, this can be considered only moderately threatening. For instance, individual customers purchase in relatively small quantities which create a fairly insignificant portion of the company’s total sales. The decisions of one customer may prove immaterial in the long run. However, in the unlikely scenario where FairPrice decides to increase prices or suffers from the poor service of their personnel, it is not impossible for customers to opt for different supermarkets. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Low) Likewise, the bargaining power of suppliers pertains to their ability to put pressure and influence the strategic decisions of a company. Because of the scale of FairPrice’s operations, the bargaining power of suppliers can be considered significantly low. Suppliers may prove to be very careful in negotiating and doing business with a client of over a hundred branches as they may be easily replaced with a different brand. In fact, FairPrice may have enough leverage to demand the lowest prices and the biggest margins from its many suppliers. Threat of Substitutes (Moderate) The threat of substitutes pertains to the propensity of current customers to try out alternative products and services (Porter, 1985). In the case of FairPrice, this can be considered as a moderate threat. On one hand, online shopping has yet to capture a significant portion of the market to be considered highly threatening. However, the threat for substitutes can be considered relatively high in some product lines that FairPrice is carrying such as alcoholic beverages, hair care products, cosmetics and others similar goods. Customers may easily opt to purchase them in other shops such as liquor shops, drugstores and the like. Competitive Rivalry (High) FairPrice has equally popular and trusted competitors in the likes of Dairy Farm Singapore, Sheng Siong and Cold Storage (Singapore Business Review, 2012). Because the prices for consumer goods are relatively transparent and easily comparable, small variations in pricing can cause customers to prefer a competitor over another. Besides the proximity of the grocery stores from their residences or offices, there is very little motivation to keep customers loyal to a single line of grocery. Management Recommendations Prioritization of FairPrice Online While it can be said that there is still minimal demand for online grocery shopping, the steadily increasing adoption rates and customer usage suggest that the channel can be a significant contributor to sales in the next few years. If FairPrice could occupy and dominate the online grocery shopping market first, it may help avert tight competition in the future. It may be an opportune time for FairPrice to invest heavily in marketing their platform through the use of social media, in-store advertising through their shops and subsidized promotions amongst many other options to try and raise the adoption level amongst Singaporeans. Creating and Improving Customer Loyalty Programs The Five Forces Analysis reveals that while FairPrice can be considered one of the stronger players in the grocery market, it is still susceptible from losing customers due to tight competition. One way to address such an issue is improve the already-existing NTUC Plus Card which entitled frequent buyers to rebates. Instead of just offering rebates, allowing loyal customers to choose from a wider range of rewards like free travel, discounted spa treatments, and other lifestyle-based rewards could prove compelling. In addition, FairPrice could tie up with leading electronics, luxury or fashion brands and have them offer exclusive deals to the most loyal customers. Maximizing Environmental Programs FairPrice’s proactive stance on environmental programs could be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. FairPrice may invest in a full-blown department solely devoted in studying its environmental and waste footprint and finding ways to reduce them through technology. Firstly, such an investment can pay off in savings from avoiding waste products. Secondly, FairPrice can strengthen the reputation of its brand. Reinforcement of Concepts’ Branding While the FairPrice brand remains popular and distinct, the concepts under it like FairPrice Xtra and FairPrice Fresh amongst others may benefit from further brand building. By differentiating and specializing each one, they could occupy different spaces in the market and further reinforce the market leadership of FairPrice. A good start could be the launch and maintenance of separate marketing communications campaigns for each one. Conclusion The PESTEL Analysis reveals a relatively favorable external environment for the continuous growth of Fair Price. Despite the underperformance of the economy, the Singaporean government remains very supportive of major business activities like importation and exportation. Technological advancement has made it easier to cope with an ever-changing changing customer profile and preference. And by taking a proactive stance, FairPrice is able to manage most environmental and legal issues surrounding their business. On the other hand, the Five Forces Analysis reveals the innate strength of the FairPrice brand and organization. With the large scale and span of its operations, FairPrice is susceptible to few risk factors aside from the perennially tight competition amongst players.

Old times essays

Old times essays A long time ago, back in covered wagon times, a big explosion hit the wild wild west. Unfortunately, everyone survived though it. They discovered they had to wear radiation suits or space type suits to cut down on the radiation. Every thing was just gone and there was nothing left but a few lakes that were contaminated still and some shrapnel sitting around. Everyone decided to go to the big lake nearby. Two specific people in the group John and Bill, were younger, around 16 and 17. They were faster at getting to the lake because they wanted water. They brought some pots and pans and supplies for a fire because it was a long trip getting there. They decided to stay there for the night. They boiled the water to make it edible to drink. They then went fishing to catch some catfish. They cooked them, then they went to sleep on the cold dirt. The next morning John and Bill forgot that they had to be in school. So they hurried up and ran to school all dirty from the ground. Back then there was only one class that covered 2 subjects: trigonometry and spelling. The class was relatively small. It only had 3 kids. John, Bill, and a girl, Jill. After they learned the little bit of spelling and math they went to play in the big open field nearby. They had lots of fun, then when night came they made a big fire and cooked some marshmallows. They all sat in a circle of the fire and told ghost stories. The next day they decided to skip school and wonder around and explore. They suddenly remembered they had a treasure hidden somewhere. So they went to Bills house because he had the map hidden in his room. They got the map and then began hunting. They followed all the directions and finally after about 6 hours of walking and swimming they came across the big X on the ground. They dug at it for a few hours with 2 or 3 shovels and eventually got to the treasure chest. They opened it and discovere ...

Anna Karenina essays

Anna Karenina essays Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy is a novel about love and marriage among the Russian aristocracy in the 1870s. Anna is young, beautiful woman married to a powerful government minister, Karenin. She falls in love with the elegant Count Vronsky and after becoming pregnant by him, leaves her husband Karenin and her son Seryozha to live with her lover. Despite the intervention of friends such as her brother Oblonsky, an adulterer himself, she is unable to obtain a divorce, and lives isolated from the society that once glorified her. As a man, Vronsky enjoys relative social freedom, which causes Anna to have increasingly intense fits of jealousy. Because of her constant suspicion, she thinks that Vronskys love for her is dwindling. Their story is ended by an exciting finale that moves the reader. Interwoven with the story of Anna, is the tale of Levin, a thoughtful, passionate young man who seeks to marry the Princess Catherine Shcherbatskaya, known as Kitty. Kitty rejects his first proposal because she believes that Vronsky, who flirted with her before he met Anna, intends to marry her. Levin is devastated and withdraws to his country estate and works on a book about agriculture. But the couple reunites through another appearance of Oblonsky, Kittys brother in law, and they discover that they are deeply in love. Kitty joyfully accepts Levins second proposal. Once married, they live happily in the country, host their families and guests during the summers, and have a son. Levin's philosophical doubt and religious skepticism trouble him despite his domestic happiness, but, after a spiritual enlightenment, he finally recognizes that the capacity for goodness is innate. He devotes himself to living for his loved ones, and to giving his life meaning by advancing the will of God . Anna Karenina is a timeless classic and has been acclaimed by many literary critics as the best or one of the best novels of all time. One critic te...

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact Term Paper - 2

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact - Term Paper Example The functional theory of communication supplies the terms of understanding the content of communication within the concept of CPCA. It is important to consider the fact that communication involves the arranging or organizing of information in patterns that promote certain meanings and concepts. A range of technical strategies is often brought into play to enhance the impact of communication on the specific details of the central ideas. Essentially, images can be used to provide clarity and meaning as understood together with the terms supplied by CPCA. Meanings can be altered, expanded, or rearranged to suit particular contexts or interests. The understanding of the concepts of communication usually entails the application of various factors that combine to form specific ideas and notions about reality and the external physical world (Holmes 61). The value of CPCA lies in the use of various techniques and strategies to negotiate the delicate distance between a phenomenon and the understanding as shaped in the mind of the audience or viewer. Objects have literal and symbolic meanings. Their usage in the aspect of communication has often been used to supplement or compliment conventional forms of meaning. In other cases, the objects have often been used to represent reality in ways that enhance meaning and increase the aspect of memorability. For instance, a phenomenon of tragedy entails the application of various cinematographic techniques that help the viewers to adjust appropriately to the content. The use of light and sound remains a key skill that enables effective handling of content and meaning. Meaning is negotiated through sights and sounds and only clarified by textual analysis in a manner that expounds on the visual and the auditory (Holmes 102). Generally, the choice of images and other forms of techniques used in the media must carry certain symbolic characteristics that match with the hidden meaning. Caution must be taken to avoid the possibility of

National and Global Identity in The Inheritance of Loss Essay

National and Global Identity in The Inheritance of Loss - Essay Example The key argument to be propounded within the course of the essay is that from the impressions of The Inheritance of Loss one has to conclude that the development of ‘global’ identity in non-Western societies is generally restricted to wealthier, more affluent and cosmopolitan classes of those societies, while the vast majority of population remains wedded to national identities, making a cultural bridge between these two social layers rather significant one. The nature and causes of existence of such cultural drift are fundamentally conditioned by the discrepancies generated in the course of twin processes of globalization and decolonization. Even though the decolonization and the growth in importance of the ‘Third World’ nations such as India have led to progressive shifts in the balance of forces within the global arena, it is still evident that the modern globalized world is still based on cultural patterns and assumptions that are directly inherited from the times of undisputed Western hegemony. The global identity, as expressed in the dominant models of consumption, education, etc., remains inherently Western, despite all attempts at making it more diverse and inclusive. Even though the very concept of â€Å"culture† has always been historically conditioned1, it is still evident that the vast majority of modern cultural identities are less prone to uprooting and homogenization than it is often assumed in various transnationalist concepts of world politics and culture. The globalization and the formation of the numerous layers of transnational migrants, voluntary and forced, permanent and temporary, shifted the balance from the maintenance of traditional identities, of national and local dimensions, to the construction and deconstruction of the global, homogeneous identity. However, as may be evidenced from The Inheritance of Loss, the situation may be more nuanced and difficult than can be judged from ‘common-senseâ⠂¬â„¢ representations of these processes. The growing trends for cultural integration and economic migration, despite being important for the general process of globalization, do little to mask the remaining chasms between the representatives of upper strata of non-Western societies and their compatriots remaining generally tied to cultural habits and traditions that still reign supreme over the people living in modern time. The Inheritance of Loss testifies to this very situation. The major characters of the novel are in their own way expressions of the aforementioned dichotomy. The two groups of the characters, each representing a respective social class, embody the controversies generated by globalization and de-localization. The Judge Patel and his granddaughter Sai represent the two generations of upper-class cosmopolitanism and geographical and educational mobility. While they may differ among themselves in subtleties of cultural perceptions, both of these characters are disti nguished by intense interest and self-identification with the non-Indian cultural environment – an Anglicized, respectable, upper-middle class world that is both connected with the Indian tradition, albeit of British Raj variety, and deeply estranged from it. Sai’s recollections of her upbringing in the Catholic Church and the secular and non-traditional lifestyle of her parents are indicative of that. While the secularism was not inherent in Indian

Knowledge Management And Organizational Learning Essay

Knowledge Management And Organizational Learning - Essay Example As Noe (2002, p. 168) noted, knowledge management is a management process that the performance of a business can be enhanced by designing, implementing and strategically aligning various tools, processes, systems, structure and cultures with a view to create and share knowledge among its people and to use for overall business purpose. The very basic three elements included in Knowledge management are 1) creation of the knowledge through some effective strategies, 2) sharing of the created knowledge among people and 3) making it available and useful for any business purpose.   Knowledge Management has been found to be useful for the organization as it helps it get the products to the target market quicker, develop innovative ideas, serve the customer well in order to maintain customer loyalty and retention and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. As Boxall and Macky (2009, p. 10) emphasized, knowledge management helps a business achieve high performance working through variou s strategic processes and organizational development programs.   Knowledge Management has emerged to be a management tool that focuses on data, information and knowledge among the employees in an organization (Awad and Ghaziri, 2007, p. 26) and encompasses the processes by which experience, skills, expertise, knowledge and abilities are gathered, then shared among the people and utilized so that these can be converted to collective organizational learning process (Foster, 2005, p. 397).  

Audience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audience - Assignment Example mon point in all these appeals is that they try to persuade the customer that his or her life will be better off and so much simpler, convenient and complete that he or she cannot afford to miss the opportunity of trying out the product or service at least once to see for themselves. It then remains to be seen if the manufacturer or advertiser’s claims are valid and this decision will be made by the user after he or she tries the product or service and records his or her feelings, measures of satisfaction and desire to purchase or not once again. This paper will comment on the advertisements in popular magazines like Time, Newsweek, Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan and the like and make comments on their specific appeals to audiences based on seven separate characteristics: age, culture or ethnic background, social status and education, income and occupation, religion, political affiliation, and gender. It is natural and desirable for marketers and advertisers to aim their advertisement at specific groups of potential or actual customers called the Target Market, based on common characteristics as defined by their particular demographics, psychographics, and lifestyle values. Trying to target everyone with one advertisement would admittedly be difficult- people are different and have distinct needs, desires and aspirations that have to be catered to. One may be influenced by price, another by quality, and a third by size and convenience of the product or service being offered. We will now try to choose and understand the audience appeals of five advertisements based on the various appeal characteristics as outlined above. Both verbal and visual appeals are generally used to attract and ensnare buyers into trying out a product or service. While it was previously okay just to advertise the benefits of a product or service and nothing more, hoping that the buyer would buy and try the product or service out of sheer need or curiosity, today’s marketers try to

(business law) occupiers, liability ACT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(business law) occupiers, liability ACT - Essay Example The liability of an occupier was first spelt out in the case of Stevenson v Glasgow Corporation*3 where Lord M’Laren explained that â€Å"precautions which have been rejected by common sense as unnecessary and inconvenient are not required by law.† This position was recently cited by Lord Hutton in the case of Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council*4 where the defendants were not held liable for Tomlison’s injuries, because the injury had come about due to Tomlinson’s choice to undertake a dangerous activity rather than because the premises were dangerous. In the case of Robert Addie and Sons v Dumbreck*5 Lord Hailsham limited the liability of occupiers, especially towards trespassers, when he stated that an occupier would be liable only â€Å"where the injury [was] due to some willful act involving something more than the absence of reasonable care† or when the occupier had demonstrated a â€Å"reckless disregard of the trespasser’s presence .† In the instant case, a child died but the defendant was not held to be liable because the child had received sufficient warning about the dangers on the property. However, subsequent cases have refined the harsh, blanket standard that was applied towards trespassers in general, reducing Occupier liability to an extent where it was negligible. When the claimant for injury is a child, Occupier liability increases in view of a child’s lack of appreciation for danger and their â€Å"ingenuity in finding unexpected ways of doing mischief to themselves should never be underestimated†, as stated by Lord Hoffman*6. The House of Lords ruled against the occupier in the case of Jolley because occupier knew that the boat the victim was repairing was dangerous but did not bother to warn the child. In fact, Section 2 (3) (a) of the Occupier Liability Act specifies that â€Å"an occupier must be prepared for children to be less

Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other Essay

Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other students - Essay Example It would be incomplete to analyze and predict a nation’s history without accepting political underpinnings in events. While it is true that the government is really accountable on how it should spend public funds, balancing a national budget is a complicated task. In fact, ordinary citizens like you and I can’t even handle our own budgets. What I am saying is that things have already happened and the most that we can do as individuals is to reduce our spending and stop blaming the government for all the mess. After all, if we are not part of the solution, then we must be part of the problem. A.Having a President whose main agenda is war is not a good president. Had all the resources been devoted to social services then the country could have survived the crisis. There are just too many issue s that a President can prioritize inside one’s country . It I sjust unfortunate that the political propaganda to project war as a noble cause gripped most of Americans when the fearful thing is not war that happens thousands of miles away but fear of failing health insurance. B. I definitely agree with tax-cut measures too since leadership is situational and at certain times, circumstances call for tax-cuts. It is true that tax-cuts have consequences but it is a lesser evil. Too much strain on American people would not only cause financial hardship but can make them resentful against the government. Civil disobedience can be an ugly

Audience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audience - Assignment Example mon point in all these appeals is that they try to persuade the customer that his or her life will be better off and so much simpler, convenient and complete that he or she cannot afford to miss the opportunity of trying out the product or service at least once to see for themselves. It then remains to be seen if the manufacturer or advertiser’s claims are valid and this decision will be made by the user after he or she tries the product or service and records his or her feelings, measures of satisfaction and desire to purchase or not once again. This paper will comment on the advertisements in popular magazines like Time, Newsweek, Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan and the like and make comments on their specific appeals to audiences based on seven separate characteristics: age, culture or ethnic background, social status and education, income and occupation, religion, political affiliation, and gender. It is natural and desirable for marketers and advertisers to aim their advertisement at specific groups of potential or actual customers called the Target Market, based on common characteristics as defined by their particular demographics, psychographics, and lifestyle values. Trying to target everyone with one advertisement would admittedly be difficult- people are different and have distinct needs, desires and aspirations that have to be catered to. One may be influenced by price, another by quality, and a third by size and convenience of the product or service being offered. We will now try to choose and understand the audience appeals of five advertisements based on the various appeal characteristics as outlined above. Both verbal and visual appeals are generally used to attract and ensnare buyers into trying out a product or service. While it was previously okay just to advertise the benefits of a product or service and nothing more, hoping that the buyer would buy and try the product or service out of sheer need or curiosity, today’s marketers try to

Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other Essay

Macroeconomics.....Case Study NEED respond to at least 2 other students - Essay Example It would be incomplete to analyze and predict a nation’s history without accepting political underpinnings in events. While it is true that the government is really accountable on how it should spend public funds, balancing a national budget is a complicated task. In fact, ordinary citizens like you and I can’t even handle our own budgets. What I am saying is that things have already happened and the most that we can do as individuals is to reduce our spending and stop blaming the government for all the mess. After all, if we are not part of the solution, then we must be part of the problem. A.Having a President whose main agenda is war is not a good president. Had all the resources been devoted to social services then the country could have survived the crisis. There are just too many issue s that a President can prioritize inside one’s country . It I sjust unfortunate that the political propaganda to project war as a noble cause gripped most of Americans when the fearful thing is not war that happens thousands of miles away but fear of failing health insurance. B. I definitely agree with tax-cut measures too since leadership is situational and at certain times, circumstances call for tax-cuts. It is true that tax-cuts have consequences but it is a lesser evil. Too much strain on American people would not only cause financial hardship but can make them resentful against the government. Civil disobedience can be an ugly

Assignment of Work Base Learning Essay Example for Free

Assignment of Work Base Learning Essay 1. Introduction. This assignment is to evaluate my role in the job Im currently doing and upto what extent its been helpful in my personal development. As I m currently working in fright forwarding industry (Shipping), I have chosen this job to finish my assignment of work base learning. It would be easier for me to choose this job to finish my educational assignment instead of going volunteering job somewhere else. This will also affect my attendance in current work place. 1.1 Company Profile- Reisa Freight Ltd. is a U.K. based company engaged in import and export activities. As a company we supply our services to buyers, exporters and importers for their international transportation needs. Reisa freight Ltd. acts as a middle man / agent working globally with agents in several countries. We handles export from shippers or manufacturers warehouse to buyers warehouse not end users. 1.2 Job Profile- The main purpose of my role is to coordinate with customers, prepare relevant docs and coordination with back office or operations for smooth activity. This job role requires efficiency, accuracy and completion in given time frame. My job is also involved with coordination with airlines to ensure pre-booked space for upcoming cargo during the week. This avoids last minute problem. In short this work required a solid planning and in-time execution. Also it requires understanding People at Work, including understanding others interests, motivations and competence. In short, Developing and reviewing relationships with others (manager, colleagues, team members, customers and suppliers etc) including agreeing respective roles, responsibilities, rights and expectations booking cargo space on ship, airplane, train, or any other form of goods/cargo transportation, route planning, various documentation, export packing, insurance, warehouse, collection and delivery consignment. 2. Main Body- During my seven months of tenure I have learned how to gain necessary skills and what I needed most. There are certain skills which I need to improve and some others I have achieved while working with Reisa freight Ltd. I have discussed all these in following paragraphs. 2.1 Skills that need some developments. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Communication- Major hurdle with me here the language. Being English as my second language I find it as biggest hurdle to improve my communication skill. There is a lot more development since I started but there is still lot more to do to bring it upto a level where it is acceptable as high standard. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Decision-making- I find my self uncomfortable while making important decision which requires my independency. I have only spent 7 months in total as working person. I would need to have more experience of work to gain my confident in decision making. Some education in learning skill would definitely help me which Im planning to intake after finishing my graduation. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Leadership- Being an un-experienced in past and total 7 months of work experience I see a lot more to do with leadership skill. Leadership skills require work experience and a standard of education which I will gain after my studies. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Analysing- Being a new employee in the field I see a lack of analysing skill to analyse the situation and plan things accordingly. This makes me to be depended on my seniors and old employees. I personally think that this would be developed while the time spent with work and putting my efforts to plan it from the beginning and executing it upto the end. In my job profile I have been given chance to analyse each shipment from the beginning and act as necessary and accordingly. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Problem Solving- Due to the lack of decision making, it directly affects my problem solving skills. As a new employee I havent been given chance to make decisions of my own which will be given to me after a specific time spent with in the company. Now because I cannot make decisions I will have to rely on my seniors to give me instructions in these types of situation which will lead to problem solving directly from decision makers at above post not me. 2.2 Skills scored highest with. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Planning- My job profile requires a pre-planned activity which is a base of service commitment to customers. First w learn in this business is to plan things and then execute. The planning doesnt give a hundred percent surety of desired results but it leads to a way to execute right thing and a right time. I personally feel that my job responsibilities made me well enough to deal with planning skill. Its adding something extra everyday to my skill. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Monitoring- Once the planning has been made and executed second step comes to monitor it on each and every step. A break any where in the planning chain may fail the whole assignment. The purpose of my monitoring is to take care of assignment and rectify problems as soon as and wherever they come up. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Reviewing- Reviewing the work everyday gives me efficiency and proficiency in my work. A skilled reviewing gives an idea what needs to be done. During the work I have learned that reviewing all our daily deeds gives us experience and probable outcomes of next day and future. This also shows the performance improvement. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Prioritising- As a worker I learned how to priorities my work. Its a way of placing an order of priorities what needs doing and when. This can be achieved by Setting objectivise and goals. Its an important aspect of decision making. In my work priorities has importance as we will have to make decisions depend on the situations. For examples in a situation where buyer needs all his order with several suppliers in once, but due to problem with space allocation we may have to make own decision sometime to priorities to particular orders or shipments. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Reporting- My job profile is to work as an executive. I have responsibilities and direct reporting to my seniors. I need to report all my day to day activities that its understandable and most important is acceptable. An acceptable standard of work has been gained through the work experience. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Motivating- Motivation is necessity in every success. De-motivation will lead to failure in the job and work assignment. I have learned that how to challenge my negative thoughts. It helps me to realise possibilities of my future. 3. Monitoring my self- level achieved. Presentation Skills Competent Speaker- able to talk to small groups of my peers albeit a little nervously. Written Skills- Good Creative- able to use comparison, example, similes, metaphors, vocabulary and other tools. Organisational/Planning Skills- Limited- can plan and organise my own time to achieve targets. Team-working Skills- Good- Able to work well in a team of people and to perform a number of team roles. 4. Conclusion There is Overall performance satisfaction within the organisation and as recognised by senior level. Seven months of tenure within the firm was spent just as a trainee. This helped me to gain a lot. But still there is a long way to go and far more to achieve what I thought before. There is lot more confidence required while taking the necessary decisions. An uncomfortable situation always leads to lose either big or small. Currently Im working with the help of other experienced staff which also de motivates me to take my own initiative. But in nearer future I hope for responsibilities with an independent role. That will surely help me to gain improved skills and goals. For sometime I have had a loose idea of the goals I would like to achieve in the short to medium term. Now that I have set my self a deadline Im confident and assured to achieve that. However I would like to improve my self confidence increase my motivation to achieve the most out of my work. I would like to eliminate the attitude that holds me back and cause hassles to it and finally unhappiness. I would like to increase my pride and satisfaction in my achievements advantages of goal settings. I would like to increase my self confidence from the current level and perform better in all areas of my works.

Hydropower And Wind Potentials In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydropower And Wind Potentials In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay For decades mankind are in search for new energy resources to deal with the depleting fossil fuel. A lot of renewable energy and associated technologies were developed to assist current energy use to mitigate the imperative energy crisis. The current issues of climate change and global warming accelerated the needs into researches on renewable technologies even more. Hong Kong is a special city with limited energy resources in a densely populated space. Current energy source in Hong Kong mostly rely on imported fossil fuels. The intention of replacing fossil fuel with other alternatives have become clear in both Government and non- Government Organisations. The Energy Efficiency Office (EEO); Electrical, Mechanical Service Department (EMSD), HKSARG has performed a study on feasibilities of various kinds of renewable energy in Hong Kong in 2001 (EMSD, 2001), the study gave an overview on feasibility of Solar, Wind, Fuel cells, Energy-from-Waste, and some other alternative energy. Every technologies was analysed, giving a conclusion that solar will be the most viable renewable energy source. The study of Tidal, and Hydroelectricity, however, was loosely studied due to the belief that they are relatively new technologies. However, although they are not being researched until very recent years, they have been used by human long beyond history. Mills that uses tidal energy has been found in the 12th century (Wallechinsky), whereas the hydro-energy was used even further back to Ancient Greek and Roman, where they use hydro-power for grinding mills (The U.S. Department of Energy). BagcÄ ± carried out a research in 2008 targeted to study the potential of developing a zero energy region in outer Island. Peng Chau was analyzed with different implementations of renewable energy and it is shown that a combination of solar, wind and hydro energy were a possible solution towards an Island that is independent from fossil fuel energy supply (BagcÄ ±, 2009). Despite the researches above, there is little research on full scale analysis on the feasibility of Hydro and Tidal energy in Hong Kong. Therefore it is of interest to determine whether the advances of technologies have gain points for Tidal and Hydro energy as potential alternative energy sources in Hong Kong. Tidal Energy Figure 1. Operating principle of Tidal Barrages (Palmer, 2008) Tidal Energy is a result from gravitational force between celestial body such as the earth, moon, sun etc., as the moon is the nearest among other celestial body, it is usually considered as the only contributor to the tidal formation. The moon rotates around the earth every 27.3 days and the earth rotates along its axis every 24hr. The net effect is that tidal fluctuation occures twice each 24 hour 50 mins, same as the earth rotation period with respect to the earth-moon system (World Energy Council, 2004). The amplitude from such fluctuation is called the tidal range, and is the energy that can be captured through a turbo-generator in tide barrage to produce electricity (Figure 1). It is suggested that Tidal energy can provides 5 % of the electricity generated worldwide (Palmer, 2008). According to the meteorological data provided by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), Hong Kong displays a gradual change in tidal characteristics, both in tidal range and tidal occurance of high and low tides travelling from southeast to the northwest across the territory. Within a tidal cycle, Waglan Island is the first to experience high tide and low tide whereas Tsim Bei Tsui is the last. Tsim Bei Tsui however, possess the largest mean tidal range of 1.4m, where Waglan Island and Victoria Habour generally possess a tidal range within 1m. (CEDD, 2002; HKO, 2009) Hydro energy Hydro energy shares the same energy carrier with Tidal energy, in which energy from water flow is captured with a marine turbine to generate electricity. It can be install anywhere as soon as water flow exists. Scales of Hydropower generator can be as large as constructions of dam to micro scales, usually found in small villages. Large scale generators were not considered to be implemented as no suitable sites were avaliable. In the report by EMSD, Hydro-energy were briefly analysed, and it is shown that potential of hydro-power in Hong Kong is relatively low compared to wind and solar energy (EMSD, 2001). Despite the feasilbility of Hydroelectricity dam in Hong Kong, there is a debate on the emission of greenhouse gas via this technology. A few studies had suggested that hydroelectric dam will generate three times more than fossil fuel plant to generate the same amount of electricity, in which plants died underneath an operating dam possess anaerobic digestion, generating a significant amount of GHG, especially in south America tropical (e.g. Brazil, Argentina) where hydroelectricity dam is the main source of renewable energy supply. Therefore the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“cleannessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of Hydropower is back in a debate (Graham-Rowe, 2005). Wind energy Wind energy is so well known and well developed that it is seen as the major potential renewable energy source that are viable in Hong Kong. Turbine were driven by wind to produce energy, scale of wind turbine are ranging from 198m high turbine generating 6 MW of electricity to some 2kW in micro size wind turbine. EMSD also analysed the potential sites for the installation of wind turbine, which a wind map was introduced for references by the public (Figure 2). Local applications include the famous 800kW wind turbine installed in Lamma Island, as well as the proposed wind farm in South-eastern Waters (EPD, 2006). Project Description This Project was targeted to review and anaylse the potential of Tidal and Hydro energy, and to compare them to the well developed Wind energy in Hong Kong. Since such energy sources are largely depend on meteorology, it is necessary to analyse as well as meteorological condition to determine which energy source are most suitable in Hong Kong. Moreover it is useful to review on current development of mentioned technologies to provide example for the implementation in Hong Kong. Objectives This project aims to: Give an overview of current energy consumption patterns in Hong Kong Provide an update on researches on Tidal, Hydro and Wind energy, these include Technologies involved and their latest development Overseas examples of application Potential strategy of implementation in Hong Kong Compare each of energy source to analyse their potential in Hong Kong, these include Meteorological assessment and potential energy gain Environmental Impact Assessment Cost Effectiveness / Costing Figure 2. Wind Power Density over the Region of Hong Kong (EMSD, 2001) Scope of Work To determine whether the technologies are competent in mitigation energy crisis in Hong Kong, it is always easier to understand how the locals use their energy, as well as the energy consumption in Hong Kong. Therefore it is reasonable to give a brief overview on energy flow pattern in Hong Kong. Energy source distribution, energy usage by different users can be obtained from the EEO, EMSD. Since Wind energy was well researched and there are a lot of applications in Hong Kong, wind energy will be used as a base for comparison with other technologies encountered in this project. Local and overseas examples will be discussed, as it provides a real life example into the application of such technologies. As mentioned before this project requires a significant amount of meteorological data, therefore meteorological observations from the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) will be analysed to review the possibilities of implementing tidal, hydro and wind energy. Despite the HKO, observations from the Environmental Central Facilities can also available to the public for detail analysis of wind and tidal observations. (Environmental Central Facility) Lastly, if viable, a cost analysis on some of the technologies can be carry out to demonstrate the economy of such renewable technologies and thus cost effectiveness can be use as an indicator to compare the aforementioned technologies. Time Management This project is mostly a Literature Research Project with some analysis on meteorological observations. Major milestone includes: 31 January, 2010; submission of inception report 30 September, 2010; submission of preliminary findings 21 April, 2011; submission of project title and draft dissertation (tentative), and expression of intention to complete project 30 June, 2011; Oral Presentation (tentative) 8 August, 2011; submission of final dissertation (tentative) Appendix A shows a Gantt chart showing tentative schedule of the project, stating the milestones as well as phases of the project.

Communication Barriers Essay example -- Manager Leader Communication

A truly successful leader not only has to master the necessary business skills, the technology that makes a business efficient, but the greatest tool for success is the art of communication, so you can share your ideas and they are understood and carried out using every communication tool available. A common denominator among managers that fail in business and life is as a result of failing to overcome barriers to communication, these are often as a result of a lack of proper communication skills, prejudice, lack of information, a loss of touch, cultural and language differences. â€Å"A national survey conducted by the U.S. Labor Department concluded that 20 percent of all U.S. managers lack effective communication skills† (Gordon, 2000, p. 158). â€Å"Leaders take communications seriously. Many leadership scholars advocate speech lessons and presentations skills for those desiring to share vital messages of vision and purpose to those within their influence. Yet for all the writing and talking, speech classes and seminars on presentation skills, it is astonishing to realize that a mere 7-10% of our normal day is verbal† (Nidert, 1999, pp. 153-154). Why is it then that we spend all of our time preparing for spoken conversations and no time learning how our nonverbal communications effect how our message is heard, seldom do we consider how our body language affects that message. â€Å"Inconsistency between language and action will cancel out what is said, no matter what is said, no matter how often, loudly, eloquently or clearly spoken. If your speech does not match your behavior, those within your sphere of influence will, over time, begin to discount what you say in favor of what you didn’t say† (Nidert, 1999, p. 155). â€Å"As we fo... ...A common denominator among managers that fail in business and life is as a result of failing to overcome barriers to communication. Works Cited de Janasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schnieder, B. Z. (2009). Interpersonal Skills in Oragnization. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin . Dotlich, D. C. (1998). Synergy: Why Links Between Business Units so Often Fail and How to Make Them Work. Oxford: Capstone Publishing Ltd. Gordon, E. E. (2000). Skill Wars: Winning the Battle for Productivity and Profit. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Jones, T. E. (1999). If It's Broken, You Can Fic It: Overcoming Dysfuction In the Workplace. New York : AMACOM. Nidert, D. (1999). The Four Seasons of Leadership. Provo: Utah executive Excellence. Osblad, J. S., Turner, M. E., Kolb, D. A., & M., R. I. (2007). The Organization Behavior Reader. Upper saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Communication Barriers Essay example -- Manager Leader Communication A truly successful leader not only has to master the necessary business skills, the technology that makes a business efficient, but the greatest tool for success is the art of communication, so you can share your ideas and they are understood and carried out using every communication tool available. A common denominator among managers that fail in business and life is as a result of failing to overcome barriers to communication, these are often as a result of a lack of proper communication skills, prejudice, lack of information, a loss of touch, cultural and language differences. â€Å"A national survey conducted by the U.S. Labor Department concluded that 20 percent of all U.S. managers lack effective communication skills† (Gordon, 2000, p. 158). â€Å"Leaders take communications seriously. Many leadership scholars advocate speech lessons and presentations skills for those desiring to share vital messages of vision and purpose to those within their influence. Yet for all the writing and talking, speech classes and seminars on presentation skills, it is astonishing to realize that a mere 7-10% of our normal day is verbal† (Nidert, 1999, pp. 153-154). Why is it then that we spend all of our time preparing for spoken conversations and no time learning how our nonverbal communications effect how our message is heard, seldom do we consider how our body language affects that message. â€Å"Inconsistency between language and action will cancel out what is said, no matter what is said, no matter how often, loudly, eloquently or clearly spoken. If your speech does not match your behavior, those within your sphere of influence will, over time, begin to discount what you say in favor of what you didn’t say† (Nidert, 1999, p. 155). â€Å"As we fo... ...A common denominator among managers that fail in business and life is as a result of failing to overcome barriers to communication. Works Cited de Janasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schnieder, B. Z. (2009). Interpersonal Skills in Oragnization. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin . Dotlich, D. C. (1998). Synergy: Why Links Between Business Units so Often Fail and How to Make Them Work. Oxford: Capstone Publishing Ltd. Gordon, E. E. (2000). Skill Wars: Winning the Battle for Productivity and Profit. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Jones, T. E. (1999). If It's Broken, You Can Fic It: Overcoming Dysfuction In the Workplace. New York : AMACOM. Nidert, D. (1999). The Four Seasons of Leadership. Provo: Utah executive Excellence. Osblad, J. S., Turner, M. E., Kolb, D. A., & M., R. I. (2007). The Organization Behavior Reader. Upper saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hypocrisy in The Enormous Radio Essay -- Enormous Radio Essays

Hypocrisy in The Enormous Radio  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story, "The Enormous Radio," by John Cheever, the radio acts as a wake up call for Jim and Irene Westcott. Even though they believe that their life is better than their neighbors’ lives, the radio proves them wrong. The Westcott’s life can be compared to a freshly painted ten-year-old car: nice and shiny on the outside but falling apart on the inside. In the beginning, Jim and Irene seem to have a good life with no problems; they seem to be average, ordinary people. The story states, "The Westcotts differed from their friends, their classmates, and their neighbors only in an interest they shared in serious music" (Cheever 812). This already hints that they might have their share of problems, especially since they are almost exactly like everyone they know. One reason why they might think they have a better life is because of their music, but in actuality, this is where their conflicts arise. Once they get the new radio, everything seems fine, even though they can hear all of the neighbors’ conversations. The Westcotts ...